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Memory Access Errors
A dynamically allocated piece of memory can be accessed in several illegal ways.
Read before write: This is a read of uninitialized data and can lead to random results. Repeated runs of the program cause different results depending on which memory chunk is allocated.
Write before or after allocation: This happens when a process writes beyond borders, e.g. makes mistakes in array arithmetics. Or the memory has been given back to the system (via free) and the process still writes to it.